I'm still trying to understand how hormones impact peeing and infections. Dr. Rubin, can you just explain a little bit about how hormones ... It is localized low dose hormone therapy that is safe for your great grandmother or people with any history. If you're on hormones already, you can add them to your hormone regimen. The tissues, the skin, the inner tissues, the outer tissues need hormones to feel robust. Vaginal hormones help with arousal, help with lubrication, help make sex not painful. Because it helps with sexual health. There is no utility in continuing testosterone therapy in men who achieve target testosterone levels without symptom improvement. Patients on testosterone therapy should have serum testosterone levels checked every 6-12 months to ensure maintenance of target levels. It is the opinion of this Panel that total testosterone should be tested after the commencement of therapy at a time point that allows a patient to be sufficiently established on a dosing regimen before determining if therapeutic levels have been achieved and if dosing alterations are required. For men with on-treatment testosterone levels that fall below the suggested target range but who experience complete resolution of symptoms, there is no need to titrate dosing. For men with on-treatment testosterone levels that fall below the suggested target range but who have on-treatment amelioration of symptoms, up-titration may be considered in an effort to achieve symptom abolition. Studies that randomized overweight or obese men to diet and exercise programs had significantly greater increases in total testosterone levels than men who underwent calorie reduction or exercise programs alone.378, 379 It is also postulated that men who engage in quantitatively more exercise have the greatest increases in serum testosterone from baseline.378 Until there is definitive evidence proving an association between testosterone therapy and subsequent MACE, the Panel recommends that clinicians counsel patients that the current scientific literature does not definitively demonstrate that testosterone therapy increases risk. It can lead to symptoms like low energy, reduced muscle mass, mood changes, and sexual problems. Testosterone levels rise during puberty, peak in early adulthood, and then slowly decrease with age. Some men with low levels report feeling more tired, sad, or anxious. The hormone helps the testicles produce enough healthy sperm to support fertility. It does not directly cause an erection, but it supports the brain and body’s ability to respond to sexual signals. And we don't think that the whole body testosterone is high enough to get to the vaginal issues, which is why your patch isn't strong enough to fix your GSM symptoms. It doesn't create a high enough testosterone level to help with your libido the way that we get from whole body testosterone. So if you have any symptoms of testosterone deficiency, like I just described, you should get a blood test. Happened to be this amazing doctor from Yale, old school male gynecologist who loves hormone therapy, understands hormone therapy, understands why the studies were misinterpreted. Nobody even considered estrogen and hormone therapy as part of maybe something that we should be talking about. Well, that study was based on just one pill, one dose of hormone therapy. The NIH held a press conference before the study was even published and they got on stage and they said hormones are dangerous. This video series aims to provide urologists with knowledge to successfully establish and complete clinical trial research for new and emerging therapies in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. She is helping save women’s lives by educating them about UTIs, GSM and hormones. Some of us who are specialized, there's 1,700 within our women's sexual health specialty. Regular monitoring is essential for anyone taking testosterone therapy. Urologists may pay more attention to sexual health, fertility, and urinary symptoms. Endocrinologists often look at hormone levels in detail and manage related conditions like diabetes or thyroid disease. While both endocrinologists and urologists monitor testosterone therapy, their focus can differ.